If you’re looking for the perfect blend of style and comfort for your bird, I recommend exploring options like luxurious metal cages with rust-resistant finishes, elegant vintage designs, and modern glass sides. Many of these cages feature spacious layouts, secure locks, easy-to-clean trays, wheels for mobility, and attractive details like decorative cutouts or rustic finishes. To find the best fit for your bird’s needs and home decor, continue exploring the options that combine durability, safety, and beauty.
Key Takeaways
- Premium metal construction with rust-resistant finishes ensures durability and elegant aesthetics.
- Stylish designs feature decorative elements like vintage cutouts, barn roofs, and sleek finishes for aesthetic appeal.
- Spacious sizes and thoughtful layouts provide ample space and comfort for birds to move and play.
- Easy-to-clean features, including removable trays and secure locks, promote hygiene and safety.
- Mobility options like casters and portable sizes enable effortless repositioning and versatile use indoors or outdoors.
46-Inch Bird Cage with Perches, Water Bottle & Feeder for Small Birds
If you’re looking for a spacious and durable cage for your small bird, the Inch Bird Cage with Perches, Water Bottle & Feeder is an excellent choice. Measuring 24L x 12W x 46H inches, it offers plenty of space for active birds like parakeets, lovebirds, and finches. Made from sturdy powder-coated metal with a hammered finish, it’s built to last and resist water. The cage features a detachable, easy-to-clean slide-out tray, six 360-degree caster wheels for mobility, and two lockable doors for safety and ventilation. Plus, it includes perches, a water bottle, and a food box, making it perfect for creating a cozy, secure environment.
Best For: bird enthusiasts seeking a spacious, durable, and easy-to-maintain habitat for small to medium-sized birds like parrots, finches, and lovebirds.
Pros:
- Made from sturdy powder-coated metal with a hammered finish for enhanced durability and water resistance
- Features a detachable, slide-out tray and removable panels for effortless cleaning and maintenance
- Equipped with 6 universal caster wheels with locks for easy mobility indoors and outdoors
Cons:
- Customer rating of 3.9 stars indicates mixed reviews regarding some features or usability
- Assembly requires only a hammer, which may be challenging for some users unfamiliar with basic tools
- The size and weight (approximately 14.21 pounds) may limit portability for some users and space-constrained environments
VIVOHOME Wrought Iron Bird Cage with Stand
The VIVOHOME Wrought Iron Bird Cage with Stand is an excellent choice for bird owners seeking a durable, stylish, and safe habitat. Its sturdy steel frame is rust-proof and waterproof, with a sleek black hammer-pattern finish that looks great in any space. The cage’s spacious design accommodates various bird breeds, while the rolling stand with caster wheels makes moving it effortless. Features like a removable bottom tray, mesh shelf, and secure latches ensure easy cleaning and safety. Plus, the included food boxes and wooden sticks provide added enrichment. At 13 pounds, it’s a practical, long-lasting option for indoor or outdoor use.
Best For: bird owners seeking a durable, safe, and stylish habitat suitable for various indoor and outdoor bird breeds.
Pros:
- Made from rust-proof, waterproof steel with a sleek black hammer-pattern finish for durability and aesthetic appeal
- Spacious design with easy-to-clean features like a removable bottom tray and mesh shelf for hygiene and convenience
- Equipped with a rolling stand with caster wheels for effortless mobility and secure latches for safety
Cons:
- Weighs 13 pounds, which may be heavier to move frequently for some users
- Wires are evenly spaced but may not be suitable for very small or escape-prone birds without additional safety measures
- Limited color options, primarily available in black hammer-pattern finish
Bird Rope Perch & Swing Set for Bird Cages
Designed with bird owners in mind, the Bird Rope Perch & Swing Set offers a safe and versatile solution for enriching your pet’s cage. Made with cotton rope wrapped around a stainless steel wire core, it’s upgraded for enhanced stability and safety. Its flexible design lets you bend it into various shapes—straight, curved, or coiled—to suit your bird’s preferences and cage layout. Easy to install with a secure hook system, it’s simple to hang and clean. This set promotes natural behaviors like climbing and chewing, providing entertainment and exercise. Combining durability with comfort, it’s a cost-effective way to enhance your bird’s environment.
Best For: bird owners seeking a safe, versatile, and durable perch that promotes natural behaviors and fits various cage setups.
Pros:
- Made with high-quality cotton rope wrapped around a stainless steel wire core for durability and safety
- Flexible design allows bending into different shapes to accommodate bird preferences and cage layout
- Easy to install and clean with a convenient hook system, reducing maintenance effort
Cons:
- May require reshaping if the bird chews or distorts the perch over time
- Not suitable for very aggressive chewers who might damage the cotton rope quickly
- Limited color options, potentially affecting aesthetic matching with cage decor
Small Bird Travel Cage with Accessories
Looking for a convenient way to travel with your small bird? The Small Bird Travel Cage with Accessories is perfect. It measures 11.8” by 9” by 15.2” and is lightweight, making it easy to carry. Suitable for small parrots like conures, lovebirds, and finches, it’s designed for short trips, walks, camping, or vet visits. Made from durable metal wire, it features a slide-out tray for quick cleaning. Plus, the included hooks let you hang it outdoors securely. With built-in accessories and friendly customer support, this travel cage keeps your bird comfortable and safe wherever you go.
Best For: Pet owners who need a lightweight, portable cage for short trips, outdoor activities, or vet visits with their small parrots and bird species.
Pros:
- Easy to transport due to lightweight construction and compact size
- Durable metal wire build ensures long-lasting use
- Convenient slide-out tray simplifies cleaning and maintenance
Cons:
- Limited space may not be suitable for extended periods of confinement
- Designed primarily for small birds; may not accommodate larger species
- May require additional accessories for optimal comfort and safety
ASOCEA Large Bird Cage Seed Catcher and Cover
If you’re seeking a practical solution to keep your birdcage clean and promote a comfortable environment, the ASOCEA Large Bird Cage Seed Catcher and Cover is an excellent choice. Measuring 118 x 31.5 inches, it fits most cage types, including parrots, macaws, and lovebirds. Made from durable, breathable nylon mesh, it traps loose seeds, feathers, and debris, reducing mess. The elastic ropes and clasps ensure a secure fit, while the airy design minimizes light and maintains airflow, creating a cozy sleeping space. Easy to wash and built for longevity, this cover enhances your bird’s comfort and keeps your space tidy.
Best For: bird owners seeking an easy-to-maintain, versatile cover that keeps cages clean and promotes a comfortable sleeping environment for various bird species.
Pros:
- Suitable for most cage sizes and types, including parrots, macaws, and lovebirds
- Made from durable, breathable nylon mesh that is washable and long-lasting
- Features elastic ropes and clasps for secure attachment and an airy, light-reducing design
Cons:
- May not fit exceptionally custom or uniquely shaped cages perfectly
- Elastic ropes and clasps might require adjustment over time with frequent washing
- Slightly larger size could be cumbersome to store when not in use
NUPTIO Decorative Bird Cages Set of 3
The NUPTIO Decorative Bird Cages Set of 3 stands out as an ideal choice for those seeking elegant and versatile candle holders that enhance any space. Made from high-quality metal with a polished, painted finish, these vintage black cages are both durable and stylish. They feature openable tops for easy candle placement and can be hung or placed on surfaces thanks to sturdy rings and four round feet. Available in small, medium, and large sizes, they suit tealights, votives, or pillar candles. Whether used as table centerpieces, hanging decor, or outdoor accents, these cages add a charming, antique touch to any setting.
Best For: those seeking elegant, versatile candle holders that add antique charm and warmth to home decor and special events.
Pros:
- Made from high-quality, durable metal with an attractive polished and painted finish.
- Openable tops for easy candle placement, suitable for tealights, votives, and pillar candles.
- Versatile use as hanging or surface decor in indoor and outdoor settings.
Cons:
- Limited to candle holder use; not suitable for other decorative purposes.
- Sizes may not accommodate very large candles or specific decor styles.
- As vintage-style decor, they may not match modern minimalist aesthetics.
andwe Coconut Bird Nest Hut with Ladder for Parrots Parakeet Conures Cockatiel
For small pets like parrots, parakeets, conures, and cockatiels, the andwe Coconut Bird Nest Hut with Ladder offers an inviting space for rest and natural behaviors. Its cozy design provides a private, sheltered retreat perfect for nesting and hiding. The included ladder encourages activity and engagement, helping to exercise claws and satisfy natural instincts. The swing with food stimulates dexterity and foraging, adding entertainment. Made from natural coconut shell, apple sticks, and rope, it’s eco-friendly and safe for pets. This setup combines shelter, enrichment, and feeding, supporting your bird’s physical and mental well-being in a stylish, natural environment.
Best For: small pet owners seeking a natural, enriching habitat that combines shelter, activity, and feeding for their birds like parrots, parakeets, conures, and cockatiels.
Pros:
- Made from eco-friendly, safe natural materials such as coconut shell, apple sticks, and rope.
- Promotes natural behaviors with features like a ladder, swing, and pecking opportunities.
- Provides a cozy, private space for resting, nesting, and hiding, supporting mental and physical well-being.
Cons:
- May require regular cleaning due to natural material buildup or droppings.
- Size may not be suitable for larger bird species or multiple birds at once.
- Natural materials could wear over time and may need replacement or maintenance.
Prevue Pet Products 34521 Dometop Bird Cage, Large, Black Hammertone
Designed with bird enthusiasts in mind, the Prevue Pet Products 34521 Dometop Bird Cage combines durable wrought iron construction with a sleek black hammertone finish, making it an excellent choice for those seeking both style and security. Its spacious dimensions—24 by 22 inches and nearly 60 inches tall—provide ample room for your feathered friend to move comfortably. The 3/4 inch wire spacing guarantees safety, while the heavy-duty push button door lock and wind bell lock keep your bird secure. Easy to assemble, this cage includes stainless steel cups, a wood perch, and seed guards, offering both convenience and functionality.
Best For: Bird enthusiasts seeking a spacious, secure, and stylish cage for their large parrots or multiple birds.
Pros:
- Durable wrought iron construction with a sleek black hammertone finish for long-lasting quality and attractive appearance.
- Spacious dimensions (24″ x 22″ x 59.5″) with 3/4 inch wire spacing, providing ample room and safety for birds.
- Includes essential accessories such as stainless steel cups, a wood perch, and seed guards, along with secure locking mechanisms for bird safety.
Cons:
- Tall height may require additional space and consideration for placement within a room.
- Assembly can be time-consuming for some users despite being designed for ease.
- Wrought iron finish may be prone to scratching or wear over extended use if not properly maintained.
Vintage Metal Bird Cage Decor for Indoor Weddings and Parties
If you’re planning an indoor wedding or party that calls for a touch of vintage elegance, this metal bird cage is an excellent choice. Its whimsical design features a bird-shaped handle and intricate butterfly cutouts, blending retro charm with artisanal craftsmanship. Made from durable, rust-resistant metal with an off-white painted finish, it adds timeless appeal. The openable top allows easy placement of candles or decorations, making it versatile as a centerpiece, lantern, or decorative accent. Its compact size and sturdy construction guarantee safety and stability on tables, mantels, or shelves. Perfect for creating a warm, vintage-inspired ambiance for any indoor celebration.
Best For: those seeking vintage-inspired, decorative candle holders or accents for indoor weddings, parties, and home decor enthusiasts looking to add retro charm and artisanal elegance to their spaces.
Pros:
- Whimsical design with intricate butterfly cutouts and bird-shaped handle adds unique vintage appeal.
- Made from durable, rust-resistant metal with a safe, smooth-edged construction for secure handling.
- Versatile use as a centerpiece, lantern, or decorative accent suitable for various indoor settings.
Cons:
- Relatively small size may limit the number or size of candles or decorations it can hold.
- Rated 3.8 out of 5 stars, indicating some users may find it less durable or not matching their expectations.
- First available date listed as April 21, 2025, which appears to be a future date, possibly a typo or pre-order status.
ISMARTEN Bird Cage Seed Catcher Mesh Skirt Cover
The ISMARTEN Bird Cage Seed Catcher Mesh Skirt Cover stands out as an ideal solution for bird owners who want to keep their indoor space tidy without sacrificing airflow or visibility. Its adjustable circumference (59-98 inches) and 13-inch height make it compatible with various cage shapes and sizes, including square, round, and oval. Made from soft, durable nylon mesh, it effectively prevents seed scatter, feather mess, and outside food spillage. The lightweight, foldable design ensures easy storage and transport, while elastic edges guarantee a secure fit. Plus, it’s machine washable and quick-drying, making maintenance simple and hassle-free.
Best For: bird owners seeking an effective, adjustable, and easy-to-maintain cage cover that keeps indoor spaces clean while maintaining good airflow and visibility.
Pros:
- Adjustable circumference (59-98 inches) fits a variety of cage shapes and sizes
- Made from soft, durable nylon mesh that is machine washable and quick-drying
- Lightweight and foldable for convenient storage and transport
Cons:
- May require frequent adjustments for a perfect fit on irregularly shaped cages
- Mesh material might not completely contain very fine seed particles or feather dust
- Limited to indoor use, not suitable for outdoor environments
GarveeHome 61-In Large Bird Cage with Play Top and Rolling Stands
The GarveeHome 61-In Bird Cage stands out as an ideal choice for bird owners seeking a spacious and secure habitat that promotes natural behaviors. Its large interior, measuring nearly 18 inches in each direction and over 32 inches tall, offers plenty of room for active birds like conures and cockatiels to stretch, play, and explore. The durable metal frame and secure locking doors guarantee safety, while the open design encourages natural movement. With four 360° swivel casters, it’s easy to move the cage indoors or outdoors for cleaning or fresh air. The play top, wooden perches, and removable tray make maintenance simple while enriching your bird’s environment.
Best For: Bird owners seeking a spacious, secure, and versatile cage that promotes natural behaviors and easy maintenance for medium to large birds like conures and cockatiels.
Pros:
- Spacious interior (17.91 x 17.91 x 32.91 inches) provides ample room for active birds to move and play
- Durable construction with thickened metal frame and secure locking doors for safety and longevity
- Equipped with four 360° swivel casters for effortless mobility indoors and outdoors
Cons:
- Large size may require substantial space for setup in smaller areas
- Assembly may take some time despite clear instructions
- The cage’s weight could make moving it more challenging once fully assembled
Prevue Pet Products SP50051 Barn Style Bird Cage, Brown/White
Designed with small to medium-sized birds in mind, the Prevue Pet Products SP50051 Barn Style Bird Cage stands out thanks to its charming barn-style roof and accessible features. Its dimensions—26 inches long, 14 inches wide, and 23.5 inches high—offer plenty of space for parrots, cockatiels, or parakeets to move comfortably. The large front door and drop-down perch door make access easy, while the removable tray and bottom grille simplify cleaning. Crafted from durable plastic and wire mesh, it weighs about 9 pounds. With a 4.3-star rating from 171 reviews, this stylish cage combines practicality with decorative appeal, making it a great addition for your feathered friend.
Best For: small to medium-sized bird owners seeking a stylish, accessible, and easy-to-clean cage for parrots, cockatiels, or parakeets.
Pros:
- Elegant barn-style roof adds decorative charm to any space
- Large front door and drop-down perch door provide easy access for feeding and cleaning
- Removable bottom tray and grille simplify maintenance and mess cleanup
Cons:
- Wire spacing of 1/2 inch may not be suitable for very small birds or finches
- Weighs approximately 9 pounds, which may be less stable for more active birds
- Limited color options (brown/white) may not match all decor styles
Colorday Large Bird Bath for Cage
Looking for a bird bath that combines durability and versatility? The Colorday Large Bird Bath for Cage is a fantastic choice. Measuring 13x11x8 inches, it’s ideal for a range of bird sizes—from parrots to finches. Made of non-toxic, tough ABS plastic with stainless steel accessories, it’s built to last. This bath doubles as a relaxing spot and a toy area, helping reduce stress and keep your bird entertained. Easy to install inside or outside the cage, it attaches securely with hooks. With a 4.2-star rating from over 2,200 reviews, it’s a popular, reliable addition to any luxury bird cage setup.
Best For: bird owners seeking a durable, versatile bath and play area suitable for large and medium-sized birds to reduce stress and promote well-being.
Pros:
- Made from non-toxic, heavy-duty ABS plastic with stainless steel accessories for durability and safety
- Easy to install inside or outside cages with secure hooks for versatile placement
- Serves as both a spacious bath and a play zone, enhancing bird comfort and entertainment
Cons:
- May be too large for smaller bird cages or certain bird species with limited space
- Requires regular cleaning to prevent buildup and maintain hygiene
- Hooks might not fit all cage designs, requiring additional adjustments or accessories
Prevue Pet Products Hampton Deluxe Divided Breeder Cage
If you’re searching for a spacious and durable cage for multiple small birds, the Prevue Pet Products Hampton Deluxe Divided Breeder Cage stands out as an excellent choice. Measuring 37.5 by 18 by 20.5 inches, it’s perfect for canaries, finches, or parakeets. Made from non-toxic, powder-coated steel mesh with a plastic tray, it’s strong and safe. The cage includes four perches and cups, with 1/2 inch wire spacing for all stages of growth. Its stackable design with a divider allows you to house multiple birds separately in a single unit, making it both practical and versatile.
Best For: small bird owners and breeders seeking a spacious, durable, and versatile habitat for multiple small birds like canaries, finches, or parakeets.
Pros:
- Durable non-toxic powder-coated steel mesh construction for safety and longevity.
- Stackable design with a divider allows housing multiple birds separately within one cage.
- Includes four perches and cups, providing a ready-to-use, functional habitat.
Cons:
- Heavy weight of approximately 30 pounds may make moving or cleaning the cage more challenging.
- Fixed wire spacing of 1/2 inch may limit flexibility for larger small bird species.
- The plastic tray may require regular cleaning to prevent odor and buildup.
Prevue Pet Products Clear View Glass Bird Cage
The Prevue Pet Products Clear View Glass Bird Cage stands out with its sleek, modern design that provides unobstructed views of your birds, making it ideal for those who want to showcase their pets in style. Its glass-sided panels create an elegant, contemporary look while offering easy visibility from any angle. The cage’s dimensions—15.75” long, 16” wide, and 20” high—are perfect for small to medium birds. Features like a top perch that doubles as a toy hanger, side-panel landing door, and pull-out debris tray make maintenance simple. Overall, it combines aesthetic appeal with practical functionality for a stylish, comfortable home for your feathered friend.
Best For: bird owners seeking a stylish and modern cage that provides excellent visibility and easy maintenance for small to medium-sized birds.
Pros:
- Elegant glass-sided design offers unobstructed views of your birds from any angle.
- Features like a top perch/toy hanger, side landing door, and pull-out debris tray simplify daily use and cleaning.
- Compact dimensions (15.75” x 16” x 20”) suitable for small to medium bird species, fitting well on tabletops.
Cons:
- Glass construction may be more fragile and prone to breakage compared to metal cages.
- Limited size may not accommodate larger bird species or multiple birds comfortably.
- The modern design, while stylish, can be more challenging to clean thoroughly around glass panels.
Factors to Consider When Choosing Luxury Bird Cages

When choosing a luxury bird cage, I consider factors like material durability to make certain it lasts, along with size and space to keep my bird comfortable. I also look at how easy it is to clean and maintain, plus security features to keep my pet safe. Mobility options matter too, especially if I want to move or reposition the cage with ease.
Material Durability
Choosing a luxury bird cage means paying close attention to the materials’ durability, as it directly affects the cage’s longevity and safety. High-quality cages are usually made from wrought iron, stainless steel, or powder-coated metals, which resist rust, corrosion, and daily wear. Thicker gauge wires and reinforced joints add strength and stability, ensuring the cage stays secure over time. Non-toxic, eco-friendly coatings like powder coating or hammer paint protect the metal from environmental damage while keeping your bird safe. It’s also important that the materials resist fading, chipping, or peeling, maintaining both appearance and structural integrity. Regular inspections and maintenance help catch any wear or damage early, preventing potential safety issues and extending the cage’s lifespan.
Size and Space
Selecting the right size and space for a luxury bird cage directly impacts your bird’s health and happiness. A larger cage gives your bird room to fly, stretch, and exercise, which promotes better overall wellbeing. It’s important to choose a cage that fits the specific size and behavioral needs of your bird species. Adequate space inside the cage reduces stress and helps prevent issues like feather plucking or aggression caused by overcrowding. When selecting a cage, consider both the interior area for perches, toys, and feeders, and the external footprint to ensure it fits comfortably in your living space. Many spacious cages feature multiple levels or open designs, providing enrichment and encouraging natural movement, keeping your feathered friend active and content.
Ease of Maintenance
Ease of maintenance is a crucial factor to consider because a well-designed cage makes cleaning quick and straightforward. Features like removable plastic trays and slide-out bottoms substantially reduce the time spent on cleaning, helping me keep the habitat hygienic with minimal effort. Easily accessible doors and panels allow for quick inspections and cleaning without disturbing my bird, which is a huge plus. Durable materials such as powder-coated metal or rust-proof steel prevent dirt buildup and corrosion, ensuring the cage stays in top condition longer. Washable seed catchers and mesh covers help contain debris and make cleanup more hygienic. Additionally, designs with fewer hard-to-reach corners and smooth surfaces make routine cleaning less labor-intensive, saving me time and effort while maintaining a clean, healthy environment for my feathered friend.
Security Features
When evaluating luxury bird cages, security features play a critical role in ensuring my bird’s safety. I look for cages with secure locking mechanisms on doors and access points to prevent escapes. Sturdy, tamper-proof latches are essential, so curious or determined birds can’t open them easily. I also check the materials—high-quality, reinforced options like powder-coated metal or steel resist chewing and tampering. Proper bar spacing is essential; it prevents small birds from squeezing through or getting stuck, adding an extra layer of security. Additionally, I consider cages with safety features such as locks on perches, seed catchers, or removable panels. These details minimize accidental openings and hazards, providing peace of mind and a safe environment for my feathered friend.
Mobility Options
Mobility options are essential for making my bird cage both versatile and convenient to reposition as needed. I look for cages with caster wheels or rollers, so I can move them easily without lifting. It’s important that these wheels have locking mechanisms to prevent accidental movement when the cage is in use, ensuring safety and stability. I also consider the cage’s weight and size—lighter cages with wheels are easier to maneuver, but they still need a sturdy, stable base. Handles or a compact design are helpful for transportation and repositioning. Ultimately, I want a cage that’s easy to move around without sacrificing security or stability when stationary, making sure my feathered friend stays safe and comfortable at all times.
Frequently Asked Questions
What Materials Are Safest for Luxury Bird Cages?
I always look for bird cages made from non-toxic, BPA-free metal or stainless steel because they’re safe and durable. Avoid painted or coated cages with potentially harmful chemicals. Natural wood can be safe if untreated, but I prefer stainless steel for easy cleaning and peace of mind. Ultimately, I choose materials that are sturdy, non-toxic, and easy to maintain, ensuring my feathered friend stays healthy and happy.
How Do Luxury Cages Impact Bird Health and Behavior?
Luxury cages positively impact my bird’s health and behavior by providing ample space and stimulating environments that reduce stress. They’re designed with safety in mind, featuring non-toxic materials and secure locks, which keep my bird safe and comfortable. The stylish design also encourages my bird to explore and play more, promoting mental engagement. Overall, investing in a luxury cage helps make certain my feathered friend stays happy, healthy, and active.
Are Maintenance and Cleaning Easier in High-End Cages?
You might worry that luxury cages are hard to clean, but I’ve found they’re actually easier. With smooth surfaces, removable trays, and thoughtful designs, maintenance becomes quick and hassle-free. I love how these cages save me time and keep my bird healthier, reducing stress for both of us. Plus, their elegant look makes my space look stylish without sacrificing practicality. It’s a win for me and my feathered friend!
Do Luxury Bird Cages Come With Customizable Design Options?
Yes, luxury bird cages often come with customizable design options. I love how many brands let me choose colors, materials, and even add personalized accessories. This way, I can match the cage to my home decor and guarantee my bird’s space is both stylish and functional. Customization gives me peace of mind, knowing I’ve created a comfortable environment tailored specifically for my feathered friend.
How Do Aesthetic Features Affect Cage Durability and Safety?
Aesthetic features are like the paint on a sturdy house—they enhance beauty but shouldn’t compromise safety. When designed thoughtfully, they add style without weakening the cage’s structure. However, overly ornate or fragile decorations can pose risks, like sharp edges or breakage. I always choose cages where beauty meets durability, ensuring my bird’s environment is both eye-catching and secure, so my feathered friend can thrive happily and safely.
Conclusion
So, which of these stunning cages will truly elevate your bird’s home? Each offers unique features that blend style and comfort, but the perfect choice depends on your feathered friend’s needs—and yours. Imagine the joy of seeing your bird thrive in a space that’s both beautiful and functional. Ready to make that dream a reality? Stay tuned—your ideal luxury cage might be closer than you think, just waiting to be discovered.